When the Pennsylvanians would not accept this, Governor Gookin in , convened a separate Assembly for the Delaware counties, which continued to exist until Delaware and Pennsylvania had separate Assemblies but shared the same governor until , although many Delawareans insisted that the Penn family had no proprietary rights in their counties and that Pennsylvania's governors had authority in Delaware only because they were royal appointees.
At the beginning of the American Revolution, the connection of the governorship function was dissolved when both colonies became states. From its beginning, Pennsylvania ranked as a leading agricultural area and produced surpluses for export, adding to its wealth. By the s an exceptionally prosperous farming area had developed in southeastern Pennsylvania.
Wheat and corn were the leading crops, though rye, hemp, and flax were also important. The abundant natural resources of the colony made for early development of industries. Arts and crafts, as well as home manufactures, grew rapidly. Sawmills and gristmills were usually the first to appear, using the power of the numerous streams.
Textile products were spun and woven mainly in the home, though factory production was not unknown. Shipbuilding became important on the Delaware. The province gained importance in iron manufacturing, producing pig iron as well as finished products. Printing, publishing, and the related industry of papermaking, as well as tanning, were significant industries.
The Pennsylvania long rifle was an adaptation of a German hunting rifle developed in Lancaster County. Its superiority was so well recognized that by gunsmiths were duplicating it in Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, and Maryland. The Conestoga wagon was also developed in Lancaster County. Capable of carrying as much as four tons, it was the prototype for the principal vehicle for American westward migration, the prairie schooner.
The rivers were important as early arteries of commerce and were soon supplemented by roads in the southeastern section. By , stagecoach lines reached from Philadelphia into the southcentral region. Trade with the Indians for furs was important in the colonial period. Later, the transport and sale of farm products to Philadelphia and Baltimore, by water and road, formed an important business.
Philadelphia became one of the most important centers in the colonies for the conduct of foreign trade and the commercial metropolis of an expanding hinterland. Philadelphia was known in colonial times as the "Athens of America" because of its rich cultural life.
Because of the liberality of Penn's principles and the freedom of expression that prevailed, the province developed a conspicuous variety and strength in its intellectual and educational institutions and interests. An academy that held its first classes in became the College of Philadelphia in , and ultimately grew into the University of Pennsylvania.
It was the only nondenominational college of the colonial period. The arts and sciences flourished, and the public buildings of Philadelphia were the marvel of the colonies. Many fine old buildings in the Philadelphia area still bear witness to the richness of Pennsylvania's civilization in the eighteenth century.
Newspapers and magazines flourished, as did law and medicine. Pennsylvania can claim America's first hospital, first library, and first insurance company. Quakers held their first religious meeting at Upland now Chester in , and they came to Pennsylvania in great numbers after William Penn received his Charter. Most numerous in the southeastern counties, the Quakers gradually declined in number but retained considerable influence.
Although the Lutheran Church was established by the Swedes on Tinicum Island in , it only began its growth to become the largest of the Protestant denominations in Pennsylvania upon the arrival of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg in The Reformed Church owed its expansion to Michael Schlatter, who arrived in The Moravians did notable missionary work among the Native Americans. The Church of England held services in Philadelphia as early as The first Catholic congregation was organized in Philadelphia in , and the first chapel was erected in ; Pennsylvania had the second largest Catholic population among the colonies.
The Scotch brought Presbyterianism; its first congregation was organized in Philadelphia in Pennsylvania was founded in by William Penn. Penn was issued a land grant by King Charles II largely because of a significant debt owed to his father, Admiral Penn. At the time, the grant was one of the largest in terms of area ever known. Penn quickly established a government based on religious freedom for the Quakers. Quakers did not believe in the strict rules imposed by the Puritan church.
They arrived at the same time in As Pastorius was the only member of the company to immigrate, he became, de facto, the leader of the Dutch group, apportioning the land and heading the government.
By , the territory acquired its name as it was flooded with German immigrants of many religious sects. It was chartered as a borough, but failure of the settlers to perform its governmental functions led to loss of that status in The Quaker meeting retained many of its German beliefs, leading to a protest against slavery in and a split within the meeting itself over the Keithian controversy in the s.
The colony was taken away from Penn in on suspicion of treasonable association with James II, but returned to him in , initiating yet another charter in William Penn rented this home on the block of Second Street during his second stay in Pennsylvania from to It was here that he wrote the final Charter of Privileges. Each frame had gradually increased the powers of the elected assembly and it now received more privileges than any other legislative body in the English colonies, undoubtedly more than Penn, himself, had originally intended.
A unicameral legislature with its Assembly elected annually could initiate legislation and conduct its own affairs, but the proprietor or his governor retained the right to veto legislation.
The affirmation was important to Quakers who refused to swear oaths. Dunn, Richard S. The World of William Penn. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, Hoffecker, Carol E. New Sweden in America. Newark: University of Delaware Press, Hoover Seitz, Ruth and Blair Seitz. Intercourse, Pa. Magda, Matthew S. The Welsh in Pennsylvania.
The Peoples of Pennsylvania Pamphlet No. Harrisburg, Pa. Marvil, James E. A Pictorial History of Lewes, Delaware, Lewes, Del.
Miller, Randall M. Pennsylvania: A History of the Commonwealth. Penn advertised widely to attract settlers to the new colony. He promised Freedom of religion to all who came. Penn also believed in ensuring harmonious relations with the Native Americans. He stated that every dispute with Native Americans had to be resolved by a committee of six Native American and six settlers. Penn and Native Americans. Penn turned to fellow Quakers to help finance the settlement of the of the new colony.
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