This provision includes separate prohibitions against the distribution and transmission of bootleg copies. In fact, the prohibition against transmission does not even require that a physical copy of the performance ever be made. While this act appears to create an exception to the fixation requirement for copyright, it is probably best understood as an independent right that is similar to copyright, but is not copyright.
Titles, names, short phrases, and slogans are not protected by copyright law. Similarly, it is clear that copyright law does not protect simple product lettering or coloring, or the mere listing of product ingredients or contents. The exclusion of these types of materials is not an exception to copyright law, but merely an application of the requirements for copyright protection. To be protected by copyright, a work must contain at least a minimum amount of authorship in the form of original expression.
Names, titles, and other short phrases are simply too minimal to meet these requirements. This is why you will often see books and movies sharing the same title. Of course, brand names, slogans and phrases which are used in connection with a product or service may be protectable under trademark law see the BitLaw discussion on trademarks for more information.
In fact, a series of books all under the same title may even create trademark protection for that title. Ideas, procedures, principles, discoveries, and devices are all specifically excluded from copyright protection. As stated in the Copyright Act:. This specific exclusion helps maintain the distinction between copyright protection and patent law.
Ideas and inventions are the subject matter for patents, while the expression of ideas is governed by copyright law. It also includes very non-literary types of works like catalogs, reference books and databases, to the extent that they meet the originality r equirements necessary for copyright protection. On the Internet, this definition includes emails, blog posts, posts on online forums, and even computer programs.
Copyright of musical works includes both the author of the lyrics and music notation, as well as the performer. These compulsory licenses allow any musician to perform or record a cover version of a song without getting permission from the original songwriter. The original musicians cannot deny the use of their music if the fees are paid even if they hate the idea of their song being covered. This is one reason why karaoke versions of songs can be readily made and released.
A playwright, for example, can deny others the ability to perform her play even if someone is willing to pay for the rights to the play. This category illustrates how works can overlap into many different categories. The musical score to dramatic works like movies can be copyrighted separately.
Audio recordings of books can be considered sound recordings. Screenplays that movies are made from can also be considered literary works. This overlap illustrates a major point about copyright law. Since copyright protection requires that a work be fixed in a permanent, reproducible way , these works are often fixed when they are videotaped, photographed, or notated in shorthand for choreography. To be eligible for copyright protection, a choreographic work or pantomime must be described in sufficient detail to enable the work to be performed from that description.
An interesting thing to note about this category is that folk dances and traditional dances are not protectable. It also includes useful objects like maps, charts, globes as well as the book and magazine designs and advertising art. As long as a pictorial work meets the low level of originality needed for protection, every work can be protected no matter how poor the artistic quality of the work actually is. Graphic works—particularly utilitarian ones like maps and charts—often run into the problem that copyright does not protect utilitarian objects or language.
The category of "audiovisual works" includes movies but isn't limited to them. Instead, "audiovisual work" can include everything from movies to slideshows to video podcasts—in other words, anything that is meant to be shown be it on a projector, TV or computer screen that consists of recorded sound and images.
It doesn't matter what format the work is in, whether it's a VHS tape, 35mm film or digital file. A work is original if adequate skill, labour and judgment is expended on creating it. The types of copyright works are broadly categorised into: Original literary, dramatic, artistic or musical works Sound recordings, films or broadcasts The typographical arrangement of published editions. Literary work also includes: A table or compilation other than a database A computer program Preparatory design material for a computer program A database.
You are in:. Areas Connectivity Cyber security Cloud Data analytics Libraries, learning resources and research Student experience Trust and identity Advice and guidance. Works created by the U. Government Works for which copyright has expired; works in the public domain Understanding the extent to which materials are copyright protected can help you minimize the risk of infringement by well-intentioned employees.
Product Sheet Annual Copyright License. Featured video. Copyright Basics.
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